Here is what you need to know about Diphtheria

What is Diphtheria?

Diphtheria is a serious bacterial infection caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae. It primarily affects the respiratory system and can be life-threatening if left untreated.

What are the signs and symptoms of Diphtheria?

1. Cough: A dry, hacking cough can develop as the infection progresses.
2. Sore throat: A severe sore throat is often the first symptom of diphtheria.
3. Fever: A high fever, usually over 103°F (39.4°C), can occur.
4. Running nose: A running nose can be an early symptom of diphtheria. The bacteria that cause diphtheria, Corynebacterium diphtheriae, can infect the nasal passages, leading to nasal discharge, sneezing and coughing.
5. Red eye: Also known as conjunctivitis, can be a symptom of diphtheria. The bacteria can infect the eyes, leading to: redness, discharge or pus, itching or burning sensation and swollen eyelids.
6. Neck swelling: Neck swelling is a more severe symptom of diphtheria. The bacteria can cause a membrane to form in the throat.
7. Difficulty breathing: In severe cases, diphtheria can cause difficulty breathing, rapid breathing, or even respiratory failure.
8. Greyish membrane in the nostrils or throat: A greyish membrane can form on the nostrils, throat, or nasal passages, which can lead to respiratory obstruction.

How is Diphtheria spread?

1. Person-to-person contact: Diphtheria is highly contagious and can be spread through close contact with an infected person.
2. Droplet transmission: The bacteria can also be spread through respiratory droplets, such as those produced by coughing or sneezing.
3. Contaminated objects: The bacteria can survive on contaminated objects, such as utensils, clothing, or bedding.

What can be done to prevent Diphtheria?

1. Vaccination: The diphtheria toxoid vaccine is the most effective way to prevent diphtheria, also, the DTaP vaccine protects against diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis.
2. Disinfect frequently used items such as phones, door handles, tables and so on.
3. Boosters: Booster shots are necessary to maintain immunity.

However, if you notice any of the above signs and symptoms, report to the NCDC via toll-free hotline - 6232.

Early reporting and treatment save lives, do not delay.